VOICE CHANGE RULE #1
(Simple Present, Simple Past & Simple Future Tense)
· 1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----V1----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----am/is/are----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim writes a story.
S V1 O
Passive:
A story is written by Rahim.
..........................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Do/Does-----Sub----V1----Obj
PASSIVE:
Am/Is/Are----S----V3----Obj
Example:
Does Rahim write a story?
Passive:
Is a story written by Rahim?
..........................................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----do not/does not----V1----Obj
PASSIVE:
S---am not/is not/are not---V3---Obj
Example:
Rahim does not write a story.
Passive:
A story is not written by Rahim.
· 2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----V2 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----was/were----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim wrote a story.
S V2 O
Passive: A story was written by Rahim.
....................................................................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Did----Sub----V1----Obj ?
PASSIVE:
Was/Were----S----V3----Obj ?
Example:
Did Rahim write a story?
Passive:
Was a story written by Rahim?
...........................................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----did not----V1----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----was not/were not----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim did not write a story.
Passive:
A story was not written by Rahim.
· 3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----Shall/Will----V1 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----Shall be/Will be----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim will write a story.
Passive:
A story will be written by Rahim.
.........................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Shall/Will----S----V1 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----Shall be/Will be----V3----Obj
Example:
Will Rahim write a story?
Passive:
Will a story be written by Rahim?
........................................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----Shall not/Will not----V1 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----Shall not be/Will not be----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim will not write a story.
Passive:
A story will not be written by Rahim.
VOICE CHANGE RULE #2
(Present Continuous & Past Continuous Tense)
· 1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub--am/is/are--V+ing--Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub--am/is/are--being----V3--Obj
Example:
Rahim is writing a story.
Passive:
A story is being written by Rahim.
.................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Am/Is/Are---Sub---V+ing---Obj
PASSIVE:
Am/Is/Are--S--being----V3--Obj
Example:
Is Rahim writing a story?
Passive:
Is a story being written by Rahim?
................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub--am not/is not/are not--V+ing--Obj
PASSIVE:
S--am not/is not/are not--being--V3--Obj
Example:
Rahim is not writing a story.
Passive: A story is not being written by Rahim.
· 2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub---was/were---V+ing ---Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub--was/were--being--V3--Obj
Example:
Rahim was writing a story.
Passive:
A story was being written by Rahim.
..................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Was/Were----Sub----V+ing----Obj ?
PASSIVE:
Was/Were----S----being----V3----Obj ?
Example:
Was Rahim writing a story?
Passive:
Was a story being written by Rahim?
...............................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----was not/were not----V+ing----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----was not/were not----being----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim was not writing a story.
Passive:
A story was not being written by Rahim.
VOICE CHANGE RULE #3
(Present Perfect, Past Perfect & Future Perfect Tense)
· 1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----have/has----V3----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----have been/has been----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim has written a story.
S V
O
Passive:
A story has been written by Rahim.
..........................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Have/Has-----Sub----V3----Obj
PASSIVE:
Have/Has----S----been----V3----Obj
Example:
Has Rahim written a story?
Passive:
Has a story been written by Rahim?
..........................................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----have not/has not----V3----Obj
PASSIVE:
S---have not/has not-----been---V3---Obj
Example:
Rahim has not written a story.
Passive:
A story has not been written by Rahim.
· 2. PAST PERFECT TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----had----V3----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----had been----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim had written a story.
S V
O
Passive: A story had been written by Rahim.
.................................................................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Had-----Sub----V3----Obj
PASSIVE:
Had----S----been----V3----Obj
Example:
Had Rahim written a story?
Passive:
Had a story been written by Rahim?
...........................................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----had not----V3----Obj
PASSIVE:
S---had not-----been---V3---Obj
Example:
Rahim had not written a story.
Passive:
A story had not been written by Rahim.
· 3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
ASSERTIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----Shall/Will---- have----V3 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----Shall/Will-----have been----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim will have written a story.
Passive:
A story will have been written by Rahim.
.........................................................................................
INTERROGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Shall/Will----S---- have----V3 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Shall/Will----S-----have been----V3----Obj
Example:
Will Rahim have written a story?
Passive:
Will a story have been written by Rahim?
........................................................................................
NEGATIVE:
ACTIVE: Sub----Shall/Will----not--- have----V3 ----Obj
PASSIVE:
Sub----Shall have not been/Will have not been----V3----Obj
Example:
Rahim will have not written a story.
Passive:
A story will have not been written by Rahim.
VOICE CHANGE RULE #4
(Sentences
with MODAL)
Ø The principal English modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would.
Ø
·
Active Voice: Sub----MODAL----V1----Obj
·
Passive Voice: Sub---MODAL+BE---V3---Obj
OR
·
Active Voice: Sub----MODAL+HAVE----V3----Obj
·
Passive Voice: Sub--MODAL+HAVE BEEN—V3---Obj
Example:
1. He can speak German well.
Ø German can be spoken well by him.
2. May I help you?
Ø May you be helped by me?
3. You should know the rule of this institute.
Ø The rule of this institute should be known to you.
4. I would do physical exercise in my youth.
Ø Physical exercise would be done by me in my youth.
5. You must take this medicine.
Ø This medicine must be taken by you.
6. You should have started a job.
Ø A job should have been started by you.
7. She ought to do it.
Ø It ought to be done by her.
8. You needn't mention this to your father.
Ø This needn’t be mentioned to your father.
VOICE CHANGE RULE #5
(Imperative
Sentences)
ü An imperative sentence is a type of sentence that expresses a command,
an order, a direction, or a request and gives instructions or advice.
ü Such sentences generally start with the Finite Verb and subject of such sentence (always you) is silent or understood.
AFFIRMATIVE:
·
Active Voice: Finite Verb1------Obj
·
Passive Voice: Let---Obj---be---V3
NEGATIVE:
·
Active Voice: Do not---V1---Obj
·
Passive Voice: Let---Obj---NOT---be ---V3
Ø But in some cases, when the object of
the active verb is not mentioned, the passive form has to be started with ‘You are requested / ordered
/ advised /forbidden / asked / warned ...’ etc.
Ø If you want to put emphasis on the
person addressed to, you may also begin the passive form with ‘You are requested / ordered
/ advised / asked / warned ...’ etc.
Example:
1. Take care of your health.
Ø Let your health be taken care of.
Ø You are advised to take care of your
health.
2. Do not watch television.
Ø Let television not be watched.
Ø You are warned not to watch
television.
Ø You are forbidden to watch
television.
3. Do not find faults with others.
Ø You are advised not to find faults
with others.
Ø Let faults with others not be found.
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